Why Effective Communication Is Important Essay Example for Free

Why Effective Communication Is Important Essay 1. Comprehend why viable correspondence is significant in the work setting? Correspondence is the way to downplaying and being comprehended. Uproar is fundamental for our endurance and we use it in each part of our lives from the second we are conceived. For example Talking, yelling, crying, perusing, composing, seeing and tuning in. Non-verbal communication and ecpressions are additionally use when communtatin. We as a whole speak with one another to accomplish objectives in ife, regardless of whether it be physical or passionate. Correspondence permits us to pass on data, thought , mind-sets. ( Eg. Satisfaction , sadness,anger). As an individual we as a whole have an essential need to identify with one another and adequately communicating ourselfe through correspondence. In work setting it empowers us to make and keep up associations with everybody we have contact with. Recognize the various reasons individuals communicat? There are loads of various reasons individuals convey. Individuals need to communicate needs and offer thoughts and data to construct connections and pose inquiries. It fundamental instrument a caer can use to address the issues of kids. This is a fundamental requirerment in all occupations to speak with people and their families and staff every day. 1.2 Explain how correspondence influences connections in the work setting? Correspondence can affct connections from numerous points of view in a work setting. Peruse more:Â Explain the reasons why individuals communicateâ essay Associates The director Director Guardians of the youngsters and kids Compelling correspondence is a two way proess. At the point when correspondence you have to send clear and compact message to the reacting party. Everybody most be seen effectively to have a reaction. We can likewise impart by phone, composed notes, email, instant messages and vocal. 2. Have the option to meet the correspondence and language needs, wishes and inclinations of people? Correspondence can be troublesome, particularly when you are in a circumstance where you are uncertain of the language and capacities of the individuals who you are partner with. Its in every case best when you meet somebody to start correspondence on your own terms; in the event that you communicate in English welcome them thusly, despite the fact that guarantee that you are talking gradually and plainly. It ought to be genuinely simple to work out whether they have not comprehended because of correspondence weaknesses or language contrasts dependent on their response to your underlying presentation. On the off chance that they have inabilities, attempt to impart through non-verbal communication or they may even have the option to lipread; maybe attempt both to see which they are responsive to, and proceed from that point. On the off chance that they appear to be communicating in an alternate language, you can either have a go at talking in an alternate tongue (should you know another) or again attempt non-verbal communication. You may even know somebody close by who might have the option to get you out. 2.2 Describe the variables to think about while advancing viable correspondence? 3. Have the option to defeat obstructions to correspondence 3.1 Explain how individuals from various foundations may utilize and additionally decipher specialized strategies in various manners 3.2 Identify hindrances to viable correspondence 3.5 Explain how to get to additional help or administrations to empower people to convey successfully Here are a few different ways of access additional help or administrations. There is various administrations that can got to help correspondence. Mediators Interpreters endorsers aduocators There is loads of various specialisr hardware for individuals that need them. Enlistment circles braille embossers and printers makaton. The neighborhood government body ought to give language bolster administrations. English gesture based communication translators hard of hearing visually impaired mediators lip speakers or perusers You can discover administrations y used by educationa; and wellbeing sevices through a booking framework. There is a nearby power instructive deportment access to a tea support specialistis indvding discourse and language advisors. You can likewise discover data on the internt different authority site.

Importance of Marketing Strategies in Small and Medium Size Enterprise

How the Chunking Technique Can Help Improve Your Memory

How the Chunking Technique Can Help Improve Your Memory Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Chunking Pieces of Information Can Improve Memory By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Robert Nicholas / OJO Images / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Chunking is a term referring to the process of taking individual pieces of information (chunks) and grouping them into larger units. By grouping each piece into a large whole, you can improve the amount of information you can remember. Probably the most common example of chunking occurs in phone numbers. For example, a phone number sequence of 4-7-1-1-3-2-4 would be chunked into 471-1324. By separating disparate individual elements into larger blocks, information becomes easier to retain and recall. This is due mainly to how limited our  short-term memory can be. While some research suggests people are capable of storing between five and nine units of information, more recent research posits that short-term memory has a capacity for about four chunks of information. 10 Unforgettable Facts About Memory Why Chunking Is Useful for Improving Memory According to neuroscientist Daniel Bor, author of The Ravenous Brain: How the New Science of Consciousness Explains Our Insatiable Search for Meaning, chunking represents our ability to hack the limits of our memory. Chunking allows people to take smaller bits of information and combine them into more meaningful, and therefore more memorable, wholes. Bor argues that our natural tendency to see patterns and make connections is not just important for memory, but that it is also the source of creativity. As Steve Jobs once famously suggested, Creativity is just connecting things. How to Use Chunking to Remember Things The next time you are trying to remember items from a list, start by forming smaller groups. If you are working with a list of vocabulary words, for example, you might create small groups of words that are similar or related to one another. A shopping list might be broken down into smaller grouping based on whether the items on the list are vegetables, fruits, dairy or grains. Chunking can be used as an everyday memory enhancer, but researchers have also found that you can improve your ability to effectively chunk information. Bor relates the story of one participant in a memory experiment who challenged himself to improve the number of items he could remember. While he was initially able to remember seven items, he was able to increase this to 80 units of information over the course of 20 months. The student described in the above experiment devoted an hour a day, approximately four days a week for nearly two years to achieve it. While you might not be able to devote such intense concentration to improving your memory, there are things that you can do to make the most of your brains natural tendency to seek patterns and group information. Effective Chunking Techniques Practice: Challenge yourself to remember lists of things, whether it’s your grocery list, vocabulary words or important dates. As you become better at remembering larger chunks of information, continue to challenge yourself to remember even more.Look for Connections: As you are creating groupings, look for ways to relate units to each other in meaningful ways. What do the items share in common? You might group items together because they are each spelled with four letters, because they start with the same letter or because they share a similar purpose.Associate: Linking groups of items to things from your memory can also help make things more memorable. You might be more likely to remember that you need eggs, baking soda, and chocolate chips if you associate the items with the delicious cookies that your mother used to make.Incorporate Other Memory Strategies: For example, you might use mnemonics as a way to chunk different units of information. If you are going to the grocery stor e and need bananas, eggs, nectarines, and tea you can create a word out of the first letters of each item you needâ€"BENT. Once you remember the keyword, you will then be better able to recall the items represented by each letter of the acronym. Chunking certainly is not a cure-all for memory problems, but it can be an effective tool in your memory improvement arsenal. By practicing chunking methods regularly and incorporating this technique in your study habits, you might find that you are able to remember more. 11 Ways to Improve Your Memory

Sns s Effect On Adolescence Essay - 1352 Words

Having developed only a few years ago, SNS have had the most effect on adolescence. Adolescence are prone various peer, group and social pressures, SNS have changed the channels of communicating these pressures influencing both self esteem and well-being. Valkenburg, Peter, and Schouten (2006) looked at the effect SNS have on SE and well-being in adolescence, a correlation co-efficient of r=0.34 suggested that there is a good positive relationship. Using a popular Netherlands SNS â€Å"CU2†, which contains 22% of Dutch adolescence aged 10-19, filled an online survey, the study went on to find that SE is the cause, well being the effect and the relationship mediated by SNS. The study suggested 3 reinforcement processes mediate this relationship, a. the number of relationships formed, b. the frequency of feedback received via the profile, c. the tone of this feedback. The self esteem measure used was the Harters self perception profile (Harter, 1982). The study also used a wel l being 5 item satisfaction scale with high reliability (ÃŽ ±=.89) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin, 1985). Both scales were consistent. The results found that people visited the site 3 days a week and stayed online for an hour, receiving an average if 25.31 reactions. The tone varied, with predominantly positive (49.3%) and always positive (28.4%) the responses highest. This study was the first of its kind to show the consequence of adolescent use of SNS on their social self-esteem and well-being. 78% ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Body Image1663 Words   |  7 PagesDo college-ages women who use twitter exhibit higher levels of social comparison and body checking than non-users? Countless scientific studies and research focus on the effects of social media platforms on body image, social comparison, and image satisfaction. Author Erin A. Vogel has written extensively over the effects of social media and body image. The studies utilize different experimental approaches that indicate the subjects who showed high levels of social comparison orientation are avidRead MoreSocial Networking Sites1062 Words   |  5 PagesMyspace in 2003, SNSs are acquiring popularity having Facebook being the most common used site nowadays [4]. Noticing the growing trend of these sites, it is much debated if browsing SNSs are a waste of time. Yet, it is believed for the dominant group of SNS users – the adolescents, SNSs are beneficial since they can help to strengthen identity, increase social capital and encourage civic participation. To begin with, teenagers can be more acquainted with themselves upon the use of communicatingRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Children And Adolescents6555 Words   |  27 Pages....13-14 8.Appendix........................................................................................14-15 1. Abstract Social media is becoming the most common activity of today’s children and adolescent. The Social Networking Sites(SNS) such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter, like a virtual community where provide a common platform to make people meet other people by sharing their interest (Kuss and Griffiths, 2011).There are also some video sites such as YouTube and blogs as theRead MoreMedia Is The Most Accessible Form Of Information1643 Words   |  7 Pagesaccessible form of information in the world. Especially, adolescents are one of the experienced Internet users. Besides, they could have access to most contents easily. According to one study, American teenagers took their times a lot to using media (SNS, Internet, games and television). The average hours per a week are more than 38hours. One of the contents what they spend their time is YouTube. It is a large video sharing service and more than 4 billion clips are watched every day on YouTube. 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Recent studies have suggested an association between early life adversity (ELA) and asymmetry in cortisol (a measure of HPA axis activation) and salivary alpha-amylase (a correlate of SNS activation) responses to stress among human children , but to my knowledge there have been no studies of such a relationship in nonhumansRead MoreThe Effects of Social Networking Sites to the Academic Performance of the Students6500 Words   |  26 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Sites to Academic Performance of the Students ABSTRACT Title : The Effects of Social Networking to the Academic Performance of the Students The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of social networking to the academic performance of the students of Universidad de Manila. Specifically, it attempted to answer the following questions: 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender? 2. What is the academicRead MoreAn Annotated Bibliography : Social Media And Depression1950 Words   |  8 Pagessocial networks enable an individual to interact with a large number of people, these interactions are shallow and cannot adequately replace everyday face-to-face communication† (Pantic (2014)). Also they found that age and environment have a huge effect on investigations. They conducted an experiment on the high school population. They found a positive correlation between depressive symptoms and social networking sites. They used the Beck Depression Inventory to collect data. â€Å"In 2013, Kross publishedRead MoreWhy Is Child Obesity an Important Health Problem in America?2405 Words   |  10 PagesObesity is a chronic state of being overweight. It s a life threatening condition and current research has shown that obesity is the leading cause for the increased health threats that persons of the developed world face. Obesity increases a person s threat for con tracting diabetes, strokes, heart problems, certain kinds of cancer etc. What s worse is the over two thirds of the industrialized world s population is suffering from obesity and that s putting them in greater health dangers. In recentRead MoreHow Social Media Affects Adolescents1954 Words   |  8 Pagescharacteristics and ultimately have a negative impact on a child’s well being, and the success of his or hers studies. SOCIAL MEDIA ADOLESCENTS 5 In the same line of thinking, Ahn also goes on to state, â€Å"these human factors interact with the respective SNS platform to influence how individuals network and communicate.† It could be that the ways adolescents communicate through social networking sites that change their behavior. An example of that would be if someone wrote something nice or supportive on

Letter, And The Advanced Practice Nurse Essay - 1040 Words

Policy Letter: Reflective Paper I chose to write a legislature letter to the Senator Tammy Baldwin, who is representing Wisconsin in the house of senate. The topic I wanted to address in this legislative letter was the issue related to the public health nurses’ wages and their mileage reimbursement. The Explore Health Careers (2016) mentioned that the public health nurses are employed by the government agencies, nonprofit groups, community health centers, and other health organization with a goal to improve the health not just at the individual level, but also at the community level. There is a great demands of public health nurses, especially in medically underserved and low-income communities. This reflective paper will explore the significance of the issue, process of selecting stakeholders, steps after submitting the letter, and the advanced practice nurse (APN) as advocators. Significance of the Issues The public health nurses are integral part of the nursing workforce, who are caring for the entire populations. They are involved in educating people about health issues, identifying health risk factors unique to specific communities, provide health-related interventions based on community needs, conducting health prevention activities such as immunizations and screenings, and advocating to improve health care access for underserved communities (Explore Health Careers, 2016). The public health nurses are involve in illness prevention, and health promotion by reachingShow MoreRelatedLeadership1348 Words   |  6 PagesAdvanced Leadership Skills I grew up in a conservative family. My father has served in the Philippine military and the Philippine government most of his life, and my mother was a dedicated nurse midwife and professor at a university hospital. Serving and caring for people has become second nature to my family. My father was strict and a disciplinarian; he did not allow my family to be out of the house after 6:00 p.m. He believed that it was important to have every member of the family home forRead MoreDifferent Nursing Theories1819 Words   |  7 Pageselement of all. Theories will be approached in terms of their concept statements, metaparadigms, philosophies, and conceptual models. And concept definitions amongst the selected theories will be compared and analyzed. 1. Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Model As much as 50 years ago, the nursing profession agitated around the fact that nursing simply did not meet the criteria with which it was originally initiated and revolutionized by Florence Nightingale. Nursing was supposed to be an idealisticRead MorePatricia Benner ´s Novice to Expert theory using the Model of Skill Acquisition1503 Words   |  7 Pagesidentifying assumptions within her theory, discussing the significance of her theory as it relates to advanced practice nursing, and addressing how applicable her theory is to actual nursing practice. Patricia Benner’s clinical practice was based on a wide array of specialties which included medical-surgical, critical care and home health care nursing. She started out her career working as a registered nurse and moved on to focus much of her post graduate work on research. Benner applied the Dreyfus ModelRead MoreBenners theory and usefulness Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pagestheory and was published in 1984.The model which applies the Dreyfus model outlines five stages of nursing, novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert(Benner1984). 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Educational Exposure to Health PolicyRead MoreA Brief Note On The Health Related Field1743 Words   |  7 Pagesresearching a new practice, I can open my mind to different options for me to take in the future as I get closer and closer to making a difference. Nursing, in itself is an extremely broad term because there are multiple types of nurses in the work force today. The types of nurses are split into three different categories: non-degree, degree and advanced degree. Nursing positions that do not require a college degree include the certified nurse’s aids (CNAs) and the licensed practical nurse (LPNs). TheRead MoreNursing With The New Heathcare Reform1164 Words   |  5 PagesNURSING WITH THE NEW HEATHCARE REFORM 2 Transitioning from the hospital and working for the local department of Health and Human Services as a registered nurse is a dream job. The position is first shift, no required weekends and absolutely no on call. The days of being requested to come â€Å"help on the unit† have completely diminished. Employee insurance is provided with a nominal monthly payment and low copayments for office or emergency care visits

Ict and Disaster Risk Reduction National and International Perspectives Free Essays

The assignment encompasses the idea of ICT and its role in national and international perspective. ICT integration in Disaster Risk Reduction is a contemporary idea. Disaster losses can be some-fold reduced if it can integrate technologies with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Ict and Disaster Risk Reduction: National and International Perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now ICT can serve in a broader scheme when it comes to disaster risk reduction. The motto of this assignment is to narrate ICT’s contribution internationally and compare it with national DRR measures. The data that are used in here are secondary data. Key words: ICT, DRR, National, International. INTRODUCTION Due to the geographic location and geological settings, Bangladesh has to endure several life-threatening catastrophes (Islam et al. 2014). Previous disasters snatched so many valuable lives and destroyed a huge amount of property. In this scenario, it is imperative to think about measures that incorporate technologies in disaster schemes. Access to proper, reliable, timely information assists to a great extent in all phases of a disaster. Without reliable information, people often end up guessing a sketchy situation which leads to an uncertain situation (Wattegama 2014). ICTs have their own advantages that effectively serve in the arena of Disaster Risk Reduction (ADPC n.d.). During disaster, receiving proper information becomes one of the basic needs. Proper respond requires correct and timely information dissemination. Thus, technology/ICT can serve in this arena rather than dissemination information manually. Recently, there is a growing awareness regarding incorporating ICT in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). ICT can help in shifting paradigm from conventional to comprehensive (Hasan and Ayub 2015). Current policy recognizes the importance of ICT in DRR; per se, Hyogo Framework for Action (ADPC n.d.). ICT provides the scope for proper coordination, management, relief distribution, search and rescue and so on. Although Bangladesh is a disaster prone country, it has set an example in shifting the paradigm of disaster; where ICT plays a role. ICT has contributed to shape the knowledge regarding disaster, disaster risk (Hasan and Ayub 2015). But in spite of having an infrastructural line up, there is no comprehensive system that designates roles and responsibilities among different organizations. PROBLEM STATEMENT Though ICT is a very important tool regarding reduce disaster risk, there are some limitations for which it cannot serve properly. First, there is a severe deficiency of experienced personnel to operate technological sector. Second, a lot of acts are stated but government is reluctant to enact them all. Third, there are not enough backup plans in case of power loss occurs. Because without power, most of the tools will not come in handy. Forth, a mass people are out of reaching the meteorological data, forecasting due to lack of medium. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY The assignment is carried out with a view to acknowledging the existing pattern of ICT in the arena of Disaster Risk Reduction. With adequate references, it compares national and international scheme of DRR and role of ICT in this regard. As the concern of ICT is increasing with the pace of DRR in present time; it is essential to compare ICT in national DRR with international perspective. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following research questions were taken into account while doing the assignment. These are – What are the current ICT tools that are in use in DRR of Bangladesh and other countries? Is it possible to bring new dimensions in existing DRR pattern of Bangladesh? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives are the following – To get an overview of ICT in DRR in national and international perspective. To suggest some ideas comparing the upper two perspectives. LITERATURE REVIEW Disaster cannot be eliminated totally but the loss due to it can be minimized (Hasan and Ayub 2015). For effective DRR, it needs special attention from all sectors. ICT can help in this regards. It can play a pivotal role for reducing disaster risk. There are some traditional channels and emerging channels to serve in this regard (Wattegama 2014). Bangladesh gained its popularity in the sector of Disaster Management for shifting into proactive measures from reactive measures. This was possible due to largely focusing on early warning, preparedness, welfare of people, reducing vulnerabilities and so on. Complexity and uncertainty is a part of eliminating disaster risk (Hasan and Ayub 2015). It varies with different context, type, distance, time. So, collecting and analyzing data manually is a comparatively hard job (Yap 2011). There ICT plays a significant role to highlight the risk zones, formulate different simulations to understand about upcoming extreme events. Early warning beforehand a disaster was developed with the help of mobile phone, radio/community radio, television, different software, satellite based data, GIS, remote sensing both nationally and internationally (Hasan and Ayub 2015). Among them radio, television, mobile phone is marked as the most valid tool. Because, hardly all the countries have access to internet as most of them are developing countries. But again they have some drawbacks- if they are switched off; people remain in dark about the upcoming disaster (Yap 2011). Satellite-based communication system can come in handy when ground internet, network is not at work. In Asian region, Thaicom’s IPStar satellite has established for the broadest service network (Wattegama 2014). Bangladesh should make the best use out of it during disasters. The Indian Ocean tsunami (December 2004) made the world astonished. There was next to no warning measures and thousands of people were suddenly in front of giant killer waves. In the aftermath of the tsunami, several international meetings have been held and they came to a conclusion. That is to build to Multi Hazard Early Warning System in the regime of South-East Asia. Later Bangladesh also showed interest to this early warning system (Wattegama 2014). Lanka Software Foundation founded free and open source based software named ‘Sahana’. Which helped to find missing person showing electronic bulletin, organized donor organization, keep a virtual record of temporary camp, shelter. So, technology can help immensely when it comes to disaster. A disaster database – ‘DesInventar’; that stores up to 30 years of data helped 17 countries of North and South America. Later, inspired by this Orissa (India) created a database that contains data from 1970s. Again, the India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) is a web-enabled and GIS-based national database that collects and stores information such as different organizational expertise, details of equipment. So that, they can be mobilized quickly in the time of response (Wattegama 2014). A case study shows that during Haiti earthquake in 2010, the distressed people could send a SMS out of cost to the Haitian diaspora community. Then the outside community added location and passed it to different organizations, NGOs to accommodate relief for them. This set an example for two-way communication, which is very much significant during disaster. But this measure is absent from Bangladesh’s disaster scheme (ADPC n.d.). Also, GIS is flourishing platform in DRR for creating baseline information for risk assessments. But due to lack of experts, the sector is remained untouched. In Bangladesh, National ICT Policy was enacted in 2009; and there is a wide range of activities are stated with a view to protect citizens through effective ICT management. It comprises reote sensing technologies for disaster management and mitigation, SMS based disaster warning system, efficient relief management and post-disaster activities monitoring, GIS based systems to monitor flood ; cyclone shelters, GIS based systems to ensure equitable distribution of relief goods and identify hard to reach areas and so on (MSICT 2009). Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), Flood Forecasting Warning Centre (FFWC), Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Institute for Water Modeling (IWM) and other organization work relentlessly in DRR sector with the help of technology in Bangladesh (MSICT 2009). And they are trying to add new dimension in early warning system as a part of disaster risk reduction. RESEARCH GAP Bangladesh is lagged behind when it comes to technological advancement. There is much opportunity to contribution in this section. For example, in the previous section, there is mentioned about the two-way communication system that helped Haitian distressed people. As that is absent from Bangladesh DRR implementation, it could be introduced from a new angle. Two way communications cannot help only during disaster, but also in pre-disaster situation. There could be a free portal/line that would only take suggestions, complaints regarding the existent problem for a specific society. METHODOLOGY The assignment is conducted by reviewing and using secondary sources. The assignment mostly followed the researches, papers, articles where secondary data are used immensely and qualitative in manner. Conceptualization was the first step doing this assignment. A mind map was created while selecting and reviewing the data. The data were collected in the manner that supports the idea of the topic. CONCLUSION ICT is only a tool that can be used for mitigate, preparedness, response purpose. The effect of ICT lies in how it is used for reducing disaster risk. This is the key challenge. Again, most of the disaster prone countries are developing countries. They have little access to internet other than radio, television. In this situation it is difficult to set an ICT-based DRR system. Some governments are also negligent when it comes to incorporate ICT in the national disaster scheme. It is time to realize that ICT is not only a mere tool; actually it can serve in a broader sense for reducing disaster risk and achieving sustainable future. It can be beneficial to all concerned stakeholders, non government- government bodies, donor agencies and more. An all out effort should be made for proper cooperation and coordination, building experts and last but not the least mainstream technology in the existing disaster risk reduction practices. References Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) n.d., ICT for Disaster Risk Management, viewed on 11 October, 2018, link: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/47520_ictfordisasterriskmanagement.pdf Ayo, CK, Adeboye, AB and Gbadeyan JA 2011, Application of ICT to Resource and Disaster Management, Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 77-86. Hassan, M and Ayub, A 2015,  Role of ICT in natural disaster management of Bangladesh (Doctoral dissertation, BRAC University).Islam, ARMT, Tasnuva, A, Islam, MT and Haque, MR 2014, Management Approach to Disaster Scenerio in Bangladesh: An Overview, Int. J. Sci. Res. Pub, vol.4, no. 3, pp. 1-7. Ministry of Science and Information ; Communication Technology (MSICT) Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 2009, National ICT Policy – 2009, July 2009 Wattegama, C 2014, ICT for disaster management.Yap, NT 2011, Disaster management, developing country communities climate change: The role of ICTs,  Manchester: Report, eds. R, Heeks and A, Ospina for IDRC, Centre for Development Informatics, Insitute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester. How to cite Ict and Disaster Risk Reduction: National and International Perspectives, Papers

Marketing Steps

Question : What are the steps in the Marketing Process? Answer: Research and situational analysis: The cafes and coffee shops industry has significantly grown over the years. This is because of the large success to Australias love for coffee and quality of the coffee served under vibrant coffee culture. The revenues for this industry is anticipated to grow annually at the rate of 7.2% over the last five years which is amplified by huge spike in 2013-14 due to growing consumer sentiment and increasing business. The revenues for the industry are anticipated to grow by 6.9% during the year 2016-17 to approximately $5.5 billion. It is noteworthy to denote that despite the strong performance for cafes and coffee shops competitive pressure has increased and has pushed profitability slightly down during the last five years (Huang and Sarigll 2014). The unique elements of Australian marketplace are sustained by demand arising from the industry in the recent global economic downturn. In this period the revenues for the industry grew in comparison to the rival hospitality industry such as r estaurants and caterings as they experienced a constant decline in the revenues. According to several reports the coffee industry is anticipated to experience sustained growth in the next five years with rise in consumer ethical spending. Situation analysis: Name of the cafe restaurant: Aroma Magill cafe Location: Magill South Australia Food and services offered: The stylish menu of the cafe offers customers with wide variety of selection of hot and cold meals, which also comprises of salads, foccacias, rolls, pizza, lasagne and pasta with large variety of hot and cold drinks. The cafe provides dining and catering services at Magill campus. It also provides services in corporate events and party with wide array of selections of fresh and flavoured catering platters. Target market and values gained: The current target market for Aroma is various educational sites across Australia. The ultimate goal of this market is to offer its customers with wide variety of quality with affordable meal options keeping convenience and potion size in mind (Wood 2013). The company looks to gain value through its ever-changing menu as it keeps on adding items to and special kind of combos to make its customers enjoy. The cafe always looks to offer something fresh to gain values among the local community and campuses. Key difference in product or services: Aroma cafe automatically differentiates its products and services for their customers with better serving staff and stupendous coffee. The cafe provides cafe and semi-gourmet food within reasonable price to its customer which makes them distinct from its competitors. The cafe focuses on making healthy choices and awareness of cultural diversity. Customers visit and popularity: Customers usually comes in the early hours of afternoon for the wide variety of meals served by the restaurants. Another popular time when customers often visit the restaurant is during the late evening hours when offices and campuses ends for the day making the cafe a favourite place to hang out (Westwood 2013). Choice of distribution channel: The cafe provides pre-packed food choices for students in hurry. The customers can obtain the product right from the cafe-counter. Payment options: The cafe offers its customers to either pay by cash or they can opt for cashless payment with their debit or credit cards. Positioning strategy of cafe: The cafe maintains a vibrant and contemporary settings, which encourages its customers to use the dining areas, and meeting place, which is both comfortable and inviting (Srensen 2012). The cafe has dry bars with comfortable lounges, plasma screens and alfresco settings to attract customers by positioning its self a step further from its competitors. Consumer behaviour: The current consumer behaviour suggests that the 47% of the coffee users usually prefers sitting in the coffee shop and 8.3% of the consumers prefers taking away. Another important factor affecting the consumer behaviour is the taste of coffee served as research shows that consumers are greatly concerned with the taste of coffee. Identification of target customers based on different attributes are as follows; Demographic information: The demographic information suggest that coffee is consumed by nearly half of the population which accounts for 46% of the peoples. It is worth mentioning that consumption of each type of beverage is closely linked with age (Liu et al. 2016). Consumption of coffee among age group of 19-30 represents 34% of the people and people aged 51-70 accounted 66% of the total population. Psychographic information: The psychographic information of the coffee states that consumers aged between 18-24 are from educated back ground and are likely to have annual household of more than $100,000 in Australia. People spending time at coffee shops and cafes drinks specialty and regular cups of coffee instead of usually coming and grabbing coffee (Hollensen 2015). Geographic information: As per the data obtained from the Australian coffee report it shows that customer demand in queens land is 6% more than that of Victoria. To make a coffee shops successful business owners should look into the below stated prospects The coffee venue should feature brewed coffee and espresso based beverages such as Granita ices fruit juices and any other beverages associated with coffee shops A dessert bars with range of freshly prepared desserts as well as baked foods related with breakfast Lunch offerings should be made containing both carry-out and dine-in menus (Mullins, Walker and Boyd 2012). Key areas to be identified in regard to attract consumers relating to product and services are as follows; Offering dishes with variety of country cooking themes such as braised and smoked meats, sea foods and vegetarian offerings with seasonal change. Evening sessions should feature a full range dining and Spanish appetizer with live entertainment such as musical jazz, Latin and urban musical traditions (Freitas and Spezia 2013). Menu featuring the selection of pan-ethnic dishes which is influenced by French cooking traditions. Psychological needs are mainly responsible for driving consumers towards buying or purchasing of coffee since it pertains to appeal humans primal needs which is fulfilled by psychological motivation (Da Silva and Mazzon 2016). This is due to the marketing, communication factors appealing the psychological needs forms the part of hierarchy, and to some extent it tends to satisfy the humans survival needs as well. Key Features Beach caf Costa Coffee Starbuck Healthy food Hot and fresh cold coffee Strong variety of sea food Own coffee estates Variety of sausage dishes Wide range of pizza Desserts Few additional desserts Variety of deserts to choose from like cheese, burgers, pizza mania etc. Options to choose from both sea and continental foods Beverages Limited number of beverages Several beverages like mango juice, crush chocolate shake, Pomegranate juice, quick serve traditional hot and cold drinks Review and assess consumer levels of consumer interest: Several social elements of coffee can be observed in the modern era of life style. Consumption has largely increased over the years and traditional tea drinking is popular in Australia. Coffee has been an important element in Australian cultures the late since 19th and early 20th centuries. Strong black coffee is regularly drunk amongst the consumer immediately after main course such as lunch, dinner and several times at work or any coffee shops (Linjaet et al. 2015). In addition to this, consumer buying behaviour is often related to their social class. A consumer coming from lower class is more focused on price while a shopper from higher-class society usually prefers elements of quality and innovations along with social benefit that can be obtained from the product. It is noteworthy to denote that customers need to buy coffee does not necessarily refers to the decision model process. Every customer has his or her own set of experience before making the decision to purchase coffee. A consumer purchase behaviour is influenced by their personality, life style and social factors. Social factors affects the business of coffee significantly as the reference group, family, role and status influence every consumer (Hawkes 2013). The reference group of consumers provides a basis to compare consumers regarding their behaviour, lifestyle and habits. Family members can influence the individual consumer buying behaviour by acquiring values and shaping personality as family creates habits relating to brand perception or products which forms an important element in impacting the business of cafes. Kit is noteworthy to denote that the consumers having brand perception at young age can carry out the same brand selection in the adult life without paying any attention that their family influenced such selection (Chwolka and Raith 2012). Setting up menu for coffee shop is considered as pivotal in decision making process. Pricing is those areas of marketing that requires to be periodically revisited in order to respond to the changing needs of the industry with fluctuating market needs and moods of consumers (Rothaermel 2015). Setting up the prices for restaurant involves taking into the consideration several elements which consists of cost of food, cost of labour, degree of competition and willingness of the target customers to pay. Menu strategy: A cafe generally has menu that possess the potential to create a huge impact on the cost and on the pricing as well. Hence, the cafe shops not only the need to decide on the food it is serving but should also consider the condiments which will be offered to attract consumers. Flexible pricing: Cafes or coffee shops can raise or cut down their prices on certain items so that they can achieve profitability upon their needs. Having a menu format, which can be changed frequently with small increments, will add to the profitability of the cafe shops. Complementary pricing: Adopting complementary pricing strategy enables a coffee shop to charge low price in comparison to their customers for common items and simultaneously raising prices on other items (Brinckmann and Kim 2015). The low pricing strategy will help in drawing customers in and once they are in the cafe there is high probability of inducting them to slightly purchase higher priced items. In the earlier stages, the cafe served the consumers with the satisfaction of understanding in advance the demand of consumers. The consumer had high preference for the cafe given the fact the cafe offered cost-effective breakfast and hot drinks at reasonable price. Though the setting of the cafe was not so attractive but the menu served by the cafe was appealing to the consumer taste and preference. The cafe additionally offered consumers with takeaway facilities for food and coffees served since the visitors enjoyed good coffee and decent food in family environment within the desired cost (Hair and Lukas 2014). However, the marketing message at the earlier stage wasnt much special about the cafe but the vibrant energy of the visitors made its ambiance. On the other hand, in the later stages it was observed that the cafe was unusually empty with only 20% of the total capacity occupied the space is filled. It is worth mentioning that the cafe had changed its menu by adding new variety of pizza to offers its customers. Given this circumstance, the food served now cost higher than the earlier price at which it was served. Consequently, the taste of the food does not meet the consumer expectations with hardly any taste in pizza served. Such marketing move conveyed a wrong impression on the minds of consumers leading to fall in number of visitors. The business of coffee shop is the business of people. It is relatively aimed at satisfying the customers both in terms of their physical and psychological needs. It is noteworthy to denote that customer attraction is all about meeting their expectations and satisfying their demand (Barney and Hesterly 2015). In order to bring back the lost consumer the cafe owner should look into the potential aspects to bring back its customers; Putting in display product: Having a range of product for display will sure cost the cafe in the form of wastage however; it may cost the cafe more if it does not follow the suit of putting the products on display. An abundant display may lead to high turnover for business and restore the success of the cafe. Creating a theatre: Creating an animated barista or completely having an automated machine for food and drink will potentially bring back customers. The items should be highlighted with the spotlights and should be located at prominent parts of the coffee shop (Honig and Samuelsson 2014). The theatre occupies the mind of customers and facilitates easy engagements leading to an opening of conversation. Appealing customers: The cafe should strategically place fans by alluring the smell of coffee into the streets so that it can attract customers. The cafe can also appeal customers through smells of cookie baking and fried onion. Marketing Mix for Caf The marketing mix approach is considered in case of caf in order to change and improvised the business situation of the caf. This marketing mix approach will be helpful for it to understand their strength and weakness for their betterment. Products: The product mix of Mini Caf is mainly constituted of the various kinds of products that must be introduced within menu in order to cope up with their present market condition. Their innovations in products must consider consumer choices. Place: In order to again their products and service popular, they need to open several branches all over the city (Keszey and Biemans 2015). Promotion: The condition of Mini Caf is poor as their innovations provided a wrong outcome. Therefore, they need to focus more in their promotion purpose. Price: Price is one of the major factors in retrieving the previous value of Mini Caf in the competitive market. Therefore, at the first stage the caf needs to offer their products at a reasonable cost to their valuable customers (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick 2012). People: The authority of the Caf needs to focus on their customer demands in order to provide them satisfactory outcomes as good quality products. Physical evidences: This is another important and attractive feature that needs to be incorporated by Mini Caf. Pictures of foods and beverages that are produced by them should be presented to their customers. Marketing Mix for Mini Caf Suite of services: This strategy can be taken for mandating their product variations in order to attract their customers. Loyalty programs: Loyalty programs can attract the customers as well as the members will find interest in serving their loyal customers (Kotler et al. 2015). On-Premises Advertising: This is another way of attracting the customers. Attractive advertisement will be helpful in making the customer feel different about the ambience. Promotional advertisement: Promotional fact will be helpful for them to set a good positioning within the target market. Figure 1 Illustrations of Marketing mix (Source Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick 2012) Marketing Mix approach prepared for the development of Mini Caf is supporting the organizational structure. In accordance with the previous condition of the cafe, it is clear that it was popular enough to satisfy their customer (Keszey and Biemans 2015). Therefore, the Cafe will easily support the proposed marketing mix. All the procedure mentioned in the Marketing Mix are clarified by aligning with the organizational marketing objectives, so these will be helpful to them in retrieving their market values. Human resource: There are few categories within Mini Cafe that needs to be managed by the HR: compensations and benefits, certifications, compliances, employee behaviour and consumer behaviour. HR of the Caf must be responsible for these roles. Financial role: The coffee shop should capitalise on the strong market demand for high quality gourmet coffee. The owners should start up with additional capital fund with the objective of creating and growing a loyal customer base (Sleep, Lam and Hulland 2016). This will enable the company to witness an increase in net worth over the months and will maintain a healthy gross margin. The combination of gross margin with operational expense will offer the company with enough opportunity to finance further growth. The marketing strategy for coffee shop is generally aimed to attracting new customers, retaining the existing customers, getting customers to spend more and come back more often. Establishing a loyal customer base is necessary for sustained marketing strategy. Sales strategy: Two speed up the customers the caf shop employ two service man in order to serve clients where one employee will be preparing orders of customers while the other taking care of the sales transactions. Competitive edge: The caf shop should position itself in a unique manner where its customers can not only enjoy the cup of coffee but also spending their time under a well organised ambient environment (Linja et al. 2015). Comfortable sofas, chairs and relaxed music environment will help in gaining back customer so that they can relax and release their stress. Cost fixations: The caf should decide up the cost for foods and coffee beverages along with retail beans and pastries as the proximity to the university campus and visitors will dictate their sales. Such strategy will help in improving revenues during the peak hours of evening and early morning. The caf shop should be in accordance with the competition and consumer act in order to enhance the welfare of the Australian by promoting fair and equitable trading provisions. The caf shop should deal with all the aspects of the market place by regulating the relationships with suppliers, wholesalers, traders and customers. In wider terms complying with the legislations requirements and industry code serves the purpose of the regulations requirement concerning the marketing strategy of caf shop (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick 2012). 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